What is the function of a transformer?

The function of a transformer is accurately described as a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction. This process involves the principle of electromagnetic induction, where an alternating current in one coil (the primary winding) generates a magnetic field that induces a current in another coil (the secondary winding). This allows transformers to effectively change voltage levels in electrical circuits, which is crucial for transmitting electricity over long distances and supplying power to homes and businesses at usable voltages.

In practical terms, transformers are essential in power distribution systems as they can step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels, making it safer and more efficient to transport electrical energy.