What is the definition of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is accurately defined as a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. This means that the symptoms of IBS are primarily related to the functionality of the digestive system rather than being attributable to structural abnormalities or identifiable biochemical changes.

Patients with IBS often experience a combination of symptoms such as cramping, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation, which can vary in intensity and frequency. The term "functional" highlights that although the bowel may not function normally, there are no observable changes in the tissue or the gastrointestinal lining that could be diagnosed through traditional medical imaging or pathology.

Understanding this definition is crucial for recognizing how IBS differs from other gastrointestinal issues, such as inflammatory bowel disease or infections, where underlying pathology is evident. This distinction is important for proper diagnosis and treatment, which often focuses on managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for those affected.