What is referred to as the instantaneous value of a sine wave?

The instantaneous value of a sine wave is defined as the value of current or voltage at one specific moment in time. This concept indicates how the amplitude of the sine wave varies at any given point along its cycle. Unlike the average value, which provides a general overview over time, or the root-mean-square value, which offers a measure of the effective value of the wave, the instantaneous value highlights the precise measurement at a distinct moment. Thus, it captures the dynamic nature of alternating currents and voltages as they oscillate over time, demonstrating the wave's behavior at any given instant. This is essential in applications such as signal processing and electrical engineering, where understanding the exact behavior of the wave at a specific moment is crucial for analysis and design.