What are common side effects of antibiotics?

Antibiotics are commonly associated with side effects due to their impact on both harmful and beneficial bacteria in the body. Among the most frequently reported side effects are diarrhea, nausea, and allergic reactions, which are often a result of the antibiotic's effect on the gastrointestinal tract or the immune system.

Diarrhea occurs because antibiotics can disrupt the normal intestinal flora, leading to an imbalance that permits the overgrowth of pathogens, such as Clostridium difficile, which can cause significant gastrointestinal issues. Nausea is also common, as it can be a direct effect of the medication on the gastrointestinal system or a side effect of the body's reaction to the changes caused by the antibiotic. Lastly, allergic reactions can vary from mild skin rashes to severe anaphylactic responses, depending on the individual's sensitivity to the drug.

Understanding these side effects is crucial for both patients and healthcare providers to manage and mitigate risks effectively when prescribing antibiotics. The other choices provided do not encapsulate the typical side effects associated with antibiotic use.