In a step-down transformer, how is the voltage affected?

In a step-down transformer, the primary function is to reduce the voltage from the primary coil to the secondary coil while increasing the current proportionally. This is achieved through the transformer’s turns ratio, which is the number of coils in the primary winding compared to the number of coils in the secondary winding.

When the number of turns in the secondary winding is less than in the primary winding, the voltage is decreased in the secondary relative to the primary. This principle is derived from the conservation of energy, where the power entering the transformer must equal the power exiting it, ignoring losses.

Therefore, as the voltage decreases from the primary to the secondary, the current increases. This relationship is crucial in applications where lower voltages are required to power devices safely and efficiently. This is why selecting option that indicates the voltage decreases in a step-down transformer is accurate.